The boreal region contains about 13% of Canada's population. The proportions of the dominant conifers (white and black spruces, jack pine ( Pinus banksiana Lamb.), tamarack, and balsam fir) vary greatly in response to interactions among climate, topography, soil, fire, pests, and perhaps other factors. The boreal forest zone consists of closed-crown conifer forests with a conspicuous deciduous element (Ritchie 1987). While the biodiversity of regions varies, each ecozone has a characteristic native flora and fauna. The boreal region of Canada includes eight ecozones. The area is dominated by coniferous forests, particularly spruce, interspersed with vast wetlands, mostly bogs and fens. The Canadian boreal region spans the landscape from the most easterly part of the province of Newfoundland and Labrador to the border between the far northern Yukon and Alaska. The boreal region in Canada covers almost 60% of the country's land area. In Europe, the entire boreal forest is referred to as taiga, not just the northern fringe where it thins out near the tree line. Sweden, Finland, Norway and small regions of Scotland). Other countries with boreal forest include Russia, which contains the majority the United States in its northernmost state of Alaska and the Scandinavian or Northern European countries (e.g. Canadian biome characterized by coniferous forests Boreal forests occur in the more southern parts of the taiga ecoregion that spreads across the northern parts of the world.Ĭanada's boreal forest is a vast region comprising about one third of the circumpolar boreal forest that rings the Northern Hemisphere, mostly north of the 50th parallel.
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